In the first half of 2024, global FDI flows reached USD 802 billion, marking a 31% increase compared to the same period in 2023. The United States emerged as the largest recipient of foreign direct investment during this period, followed by Brazil and Mexico. Despite this rebound, overall FDI flows remained below the half-year levels recorded in 2021 and 2022. These fluctuations underscore persistent global economic uncertainties, driven by geopolitical tensions and diverging national investment policies. Although the uptick in early 2024 signals a potential recovery in global investment activity, the durability of this trend remains unclear and will depend heavily on the broader economic and political outlook.The evolution of FDI regulations has therefore become a critical tool in managing security risks associated with international investments. Governments are redefining the concept of "national security" to address emerging threats, leading to the introduction of new regulations and innovative enforcement tools.​ 

To meet these evolving challenges, FDI control mechanisms have undergone significant adjustments. Stricter notification requirements with lower reporting thresholds have been introduced, while additional conditions and commitments are being imposed on investors. Regulations now differentiate based on the investor’s identity, and authorities have been granted expanded powers to enforce compliance and impose sanctions. The scope of FDI control has also broadened considerably. Initially focused on defense-related industries and activities directly tied to national security, FDI regulations have since expanded to cover critical infrastructure and emerging technologies. More recently, sectors such as energy, raw materials, and telecommunications have come under increased scrutiny. The COVID-19 pandemic further underscored the strategic importance of health infrastructure and biotechnology, which are now included within FDI screening mechanisms.​

Despite these developments, global responses remain inconsistent, highlighting the need for greater harmonisation. While governments continue to strengthen their FDI frameworks, international cooperation is increasingly necessary to ensure regulatory clarity and address investor concerns.